Common Low Voltage Components
Circuit Protection Devices
- Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs): Protect against overloads and short circuits.
- Residual Current Devices (RCDs) / Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs): Protect against earth leakage currents.
- Fuses: One-time-use protection device that melts when overloaded.
Switches and Pushbuttons
- Used to control circuits manually.
- Often seen in control panels, automation systems, and machinery.
Relays and Contactors
- Relays: Electrically operated switches used in control systems.
- Contactors: Higher capacity switching devices used to control motors and heavy loads.
Sensors and Detectors
- Motion sensors, temperature sensors, photoelectric sensors used in automation and safety systems.
- Typically operate at 12V or 24V DC.
Low Voltage Lighting
- LED lights, halogen systems, and track lighting powered by 12V or 24V transformers.
- Common in residential and decorative applications.
Power Supplies and Converters
- AC-DC converters, DC-DC regulators, and power adapters that reduce or stabilize voltage for control systems or electronics.
Control Panels and PLCs
- Used in industrial automation.
- Low-voltage circuits manage sensors, motors, and machine sequences.
Applications
- Building automation (lighting, HVAC)
- Security systems (CCTV, alarms)
- Industrial automation (sensors, PLCs)
- Telecommunications (network devices, PoE)
- Residential (smart home systems, doorbells)